American Colonies Relations with Britian Free Essays

Colten Redmond Mr. Smith AP US History 2 October 2012 DBQ: British and American Colonies Relations The French and Indian war affected the relations between the British and the American colonies through political turmoil, economical debt leading to strict taxation, and ideological differences which increased colonial violence. These sources of anger and resentment created a permanent gap between Britain and the American Colonies that would eventually lead to a brutal revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on American Colonies Relations with Britian or any similar topic only for you Order Now The French lost the entirety of their North American possessions after the French and Indian War, which led to numerous new possessions for the British (Doc A). The British and American colonies political views differed greatly because of the effect of salutary neglect. The colonies were not accustomed to direct taxation or strict governing rules. The Proclamation of 1763 was one of the first forms of direct control imposed by the British. The proclamation called for a movement of all settlers to stay east of the Appalachian Mountains. Many settlers ignored the proclamation, but nevertheless, it began a short era of direct control under the British. The British council determined that the American colonies needed to be taxed in order to raise revenue and regulate trade (Doc F). The council’s motives led to direct taxes on the colonies such as the Sugar Act, Currency Act, and Stamp Act. Benjamin Franklin attempted to represent the colonies in London as he partook in the repeal of the Stamp Act (Doc G). He wrote letters to John Highs, detailing his efforts to repeal the act and the dire need for the colonies to stay firm and loyal towards the crown. Many colonists did not waver from their loyalty towards the British Crown, such as Reverend Thomas Barnard. In one of his man sermons to Massachusetts, Barnard emphasizes how their mother country had protected them from turmoil and how she should be honored and served for her great services (Doc E). The differing political views were beginning to cause friction among many colonists, leading to rash decisions. The Boston Massacre, although overly emphasized in many accounts, sparked violence throughout the colonies. These cts of violence were a direct result of the Quartering Act, Declatory Act, and Townshend Acts. The Boston Tea Party was used to boycott the British after the Tea Act, and this became the final act of opposition by the colonists before Britain imposed Marshall Law. The Intolerable Acts were a punishment for the colonies after the Boston Tea Party, and it imposed Marshall Law, curfews, the closing of Boston Harbor, and the revocation of the Massachusetts charter. All o f these forms of control by the British caused growing political differences and overall turmoil for both sides. The French and Indian war was not only political, but it offered a great deal of land wealth for the British. Chief Canasatego of the Onondaga Nation, who represented the Iroquois Confederacy, stated that the lands of his people were becoming more valuable to the white man (Doc B). This value attracted British officers, such as George Washington, to the scene of the war. Washington stated his desire to serve under General Braddock, due to the fame and prestige he could attain from the campaign (Doc C). The colonists, specifically those from Massachusetts, were employed under the British Crown, though their conditions were debilitating. They spoke of their denied Englishmen’s rights and the opposition under British control (Doc D). All of this culminated into a desire for economical wealth and prosperity. The war would ultimately rob the British of their wealth which led to direct taxation of the colonists in order to replenish it. The British saw the taxes as a source of revenue for repaying the war debt; however, this angered the colonists and led to strong opposition. The Stamp Act, which was a tax on all documents, led to the creation of the Stamp Act Congress. The colonists also organized into the Sons of Liberty and began to boycott the British. The ability to boycott was detrimental to the British because it rendered there taxes virtually useless. The economical debt sustained by the British was the main factor in the strict taxation of the colonists. The ideological differences between the American colonies and Britain caused anger and violence throughout the colonies. The American colonies wished to be self-independent and were content with salutary neglect. When Britain increased their direct control over the colonies, it caused resentment and rebellion. The colonies had settled into a systematic set of ideas and concepts that shaped their daily lives, while the British uprooted those ideas by their sudden forms of control. The colonies tried to express their anger towards the British Stamp Act through their newspapers. Then newspapers expressed that they had to go out of business due to the actual cost of producing the newspaper leaving them moneyless (Doc H). The colonies began to severely question the motives of the British and whether these extreme taxes were actually alleviating their debt at all. The political turmoil, economical debt mingled with strict taxation, and ideological differences created an air of resentment for the British within the American Colonies. This resentment and anger led to the brutal American Revolution. The mistakes of the British were also specifically outlined during the creation of our Constitution, which secured the ideals and motives of the American Colonies. 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Case Report of the Alaska-Airline Disaster

Question: Discuss about the Case Report of the Alaska-Airline Disaster. Answer: Introduction This case report discusses about the Alaska-airline crash that has occurred on Jan, 31, 2000 at California. The causes, contributing factors, potential hazards and safe- guards that were ignored in accordance with air crash were discussed. This incident teaches a great lesson to the world to prevent future air- accidents and the inadequacies in policies to prevent loss of life and property. Case Report of the Alaska-Airline disaster Disaster- Summary The most miserable disaster of Alaska-Airline took place on 31st January, 2000 at approximately 1621 Pacific- Standard time. The flight 261 that involves MD (McDonnell Douglas) - 83, N963AS was crashed at approximately 2.7 miles in the Pacific Ocean specifically at the north side of Anacapa- island of California. All the people in the flight that includes two pilots, three crew-members of cabin as well as 83 passengers were killed with destruction of the flight by impact forces (Carmody, 2002). There were dozen causes that have contributed to this disaster and have taught a great lesson about flight maintenance. Causes for Disaster The main cause is that the in-flight failure of the acme- nut threads that is present on the jack-screw assembly (trim system) of the horizontal-stabilizer of flight has occurred. This has lead to the loss of pitch control of the flight. NTSB (2003) has stated that the jack-screw assembly is the most integral as well as crucial part of the trim- system of horizontal-stabilizer that acts as a critical airplane system and the destruction of this jack-screw assembly has caused the flight disaster. Moreover, the thread failure has occurred due to the insufficient lubrication that has lead to the excessive wear of the Alaska Airlines (Cockpit database, 2000). Contributing Factors Basically, there was a fault in the fundamental MD- 83 flight design as it has no fail-safe design to counteract the thread loss of the total acme-nut that has lead to the catastrophic effects. In this disaster, improper adherence to the maintenance process as well as inspection of the jack-screw parts has exacerbated the design fault and has resulted in crash (Carmody, 2002). Another factor that has contributed was the extended interval for lubrication process. The Federal aviation-administration (FAA) has approved the extended lubrication interval that has contributed to the missing or improper lubrication. This has resulted in the complete wear of the threads of acme-nut. Further, increased interval for end- play check with approval from FAA for extension has allowed to the excessive wear that has progressed to failure without detecting the flaw. Safety Factors Ignored The horizontal-stabilizer has stopped working to the commands of the pilot and they were unable to rule out the cause. The acme- nut threads have worn inside the horizontal stabilizer and were sheared off completely. Then, the acme-screw and nut has jammed that has prevented the movement of horizontal-stabilizer. Later, the jam was overcome that has allowed the acme-screw to pull acme-nut causing the airplane to pitch downward (NTSB, 2003). It had lead to the (low- cycled fatigue) fracture of the torque tube again lowering the pitch from which regaining is impossible. The use of auto-pilot at the time of horizontal stabilizer jam was inappropriate. Moreover, lack of checklist to land at these circumstances is an additional drawback. The pilots were not provided with clear guidelines to avoid experimenting with improper troubleshooting measures (Woltjer, 2007). The slats and flaps should have extended by the captain when the flight was controlled by the configuration after initial dri ve. The acme-nut threads were found to have worn extensively due to ineffective lubrication on the acme parts that have lead to the disaster. The recovered acme showed dried degraded grease that suggests that, it was not greased recently. The post-accident interviews of SPO-mechanic indicated that they had no knowledge to lubricate acme (NTSB, 2003). The safety board concluded that inadequate lubrication and lack of standard measures have lead to the accident. Fig: 1 shows acme-nut with plugged grease Increased pressure in the flight maintenance area in correcting, maintaining and delivering the flight in given time has contributed to this disaster. In this disaster, they have falsified the records that the flight has passed through the inspection process due to the increased pressure on them to make a scheduled return (Carmody, 2002). The measurements have showed that the jack-screw was in the brink to wear out and requires to be replaced by a newer jack-screw: but as it may delay the departure time, they have altered the record to be airworthy (ATEC, 2005).The maintenance persons dont have assertiveness to speak about the importance of lubrication and replacing the wear to the company. The maintenance personnel have not helped the pilots when they were at horizontal-stabilizer problems. The safety issues in this accident include improper lubrication with inspection of the jack-screw, extended end-play check-intervals, over-haul procedures of jack-screw and design with certificat ion of horizontal-stabilizer, maintenance program and FAAs inadequacies has lead to disaster. Lessons Learned Standards should be issued to pilots with the instructions to handle mal-functioning situations. NTSB (2002) ordered MD flights to replace dried greases with fresh grease. The size of the access-panel was increased to lubricate the jack-screw properly (FAA, 2002). The lubrication procedure for jack-screw was established as an inspection item to be signed by an inspector. The existing intervals were reviewed to identify the fault in the flight components. NTSB (2002) has conducted an evaluation and has issued a report with recommendations for maintenance. Improving fail- safe mechanism in MD design, promoting end-play check interval, issuing newer certification regulations and policies for horizontal stabilizers ensures safe air-travel. References ATEC. (2005)Incorporating Air Transport Association Codes into Maintenance Curriculum, ATEC Journal, 26 (2). Available from Aviation Technician Education Council [Accessed 28/02/17] Carmody, C.J. (2002)Aircraft Accident Incident Report. Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean Alaska Airlines Flight 261 McDonnell Douglas MD-83, N963AS About 2.7 Miles North of Anacapa Island, California January 31, 2000, National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC: National Transportation Safety Board. [Accessed 28/02/17] Cockpit database. (2000) Cockpit voice recorder database. Available from https://www.tailstrike.com/310100.htm [Accessed 28/02/17] FAA. (2002) Accident Board Recommendations, U.S.DepartmentofTransportation. Available from https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1LLID=23LLTypeID=4 [Accessed 28/02/17] NTSB. (2003) Loss of control and impact with Pacific Ocean, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, McDonnell Douglas MD-83, N963AS, about 2.7 miles north of Anacapa Island, California, January 31, 2000 (Aircraft Accident Report No. NTSB/AAR-02/01), National Transportation Safety Board. Washington, DC: National Transportation Safety Board [Accessed 28/02/17] Woltjer, R., Hollnagel, E. (2007) The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 accident, A systemic analysis of functional resonance. Proceedings of the 2007 (14th) International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP), pp. 763-768. Available from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:210824/fulltext01.pdf [Accessed 28/02/17]

Lenz-Georg Buechner (In German) Essays - , Term Papers

Lenz-Georg Buechner (In German) Lenz Der psychisch leidende Schriftsteller Lenz gelangt nach einem Fu?marsch durchs Gebirge zum Pfarrer Oberlin in Waldbach. Dort wird er freundlich aufgenommen, versp?rt aber bereits in der Nacht wieder gro?e Unruhe. Sein n?chtliches Bad im Brunnen schreckt die M?gde auf. In den n?chsten Tagen begleitet er Oberlin auf dessen Besuche, immer wieder wird er von Angstzust?nden heimgesucht. Von Oberlin, der von seinem Theologiestudium erfahren hat, aufgefordert, h?lt er an einem Sonntag in der Kirche die Predigt, ger?t aber dadurch noch mehr in innere Aufruhr. Bei einem Besuch seines Freundes Kaufmann legt er sein ?sthetisches Konzept einer lebensnahen Kunst dar. Allm?hlich werden Lenz' Zust?nde h?ufiger und akuter. W?hrend einer n?chtlichen Wanderung gelangt er in eine H?tte, wo ein krankes M?dchen bei einem angeblich ?ber paranormale Kr?fte verf?genden Mann untergebracht ist. Er ?bernachtet dort und kehrt verwirrt nach Waldbach zur?ck. Einige Tage sp?ter erf?hrt er vom Tod eines Kindes in F ouday. Im Bergewand begibt er sich dorthin und versucht, es wieder zum Leben zu erwecken. Mehrmals erz?hlt er andeutungsweise von einer ungl?cklichen Liebesgeschichte und ist ?berzeugt, Friederike, seine Geliebte, sei gestorben. Als Lenz' geistige Verwirrung weiter zunimmt und mehrere Selbstmordversuche folgen, entschlie?t sich Oberlin, ihn nach Stra?burg zu bringen. Die Novelle endet mit der Fahrt dorthin, der inzwischen von drei M?nnern bewachte Lenz ist in absolute Apathie verfallen. Book Reports

Bob McDonnell essays

Bob McDonnell essays Bob McDonnell is running for Attorney General in 2005. He will, if elected, be replacing Jerry Kilgore, a fellow Republican. Mr. McDonnell served for twenty-one years in the United States Army in active duty as well as the reserves retiring at the rank of Lt. Colonel. He has served in the House of Delegates as a representative from Virginia Beach for thirteen years. Paul and I got there about ten minutes late but luckily nothing had happened yet. We noticed the news camera there, which left halfway through his speech. We all got signs with his name on it and below his name Republican appeared. Why is this necessary? I do not think that it should matter what party a candidate is in instead they should be judged upon the issues at hand. All it does is perpetuate a two party system in which many people are not really heard. They just vote for the lesser of two evils. Of course there are many people that full heartedly support candidates. This is one of the reasons that we have such a low voting rate in this country. Before Bob got to the podium two other people stood up there and rambled for a few minutes on how great of a guy he is. He started off by talking of the founding fathers saying George Washington is his hero. Then he spoke of the rising meth usage in southwest Virginia saying that he wants to raise mandatory minimum sentences. Later in his speech he said that he wanted to give judges more sentencing options in cases involving juveniles. This seemed slightly contradictory to me. He wants to bind judges hands in one area but allow them more leeway in another. Personally I am against mandatory minimum sentences as it does not allow a judge to look at a case and make and appropriate decision with the sentencing given different circumstances. Especially in the realm of drug enforcement when too often people are charged with intent to distribute because they have a certain amount of the drug. Distribution was ...

The Role of the Midwife in supporting women with Breech presentation Essay

The Role of the Midwife in supporting women with Breech presentation to have a safe vaginal delivery and the implications for practice - Essay Example As a result, without sufficient training and experience for obstetricians and midwives in managing vaginal breech births, the skills of these practitioners have been reduced. Based on this critical assessment of studies on vaginal breech births, it has been established that there are various factors affecting the incidence of vaginal breech births, lack of experience among birth attendants at the top of the list. Also, the fear of litigation is impacting on the conduct of vaginal breech births. These practitioners are also unwilling to risk the life of the infant by attempting to deliver these infants vaginally. However, as was mentioned, studies have not definitively indicated that caesarean deliveries are actually improving survival rates for breech infants. More studies in line with this research are needed in order to provide specific and definitive results which can be applied in the practice. This dissertation examines the decreasing use of vaginal breech deliveries, in the context of choice available to women, the experience and expertise of the responsible midwives and the trends toward preferential delivery by caesarean section. This dissertation will be based on the author’s perspective, available evidence and current practice and will further evaluate if the women’s choices with regards to delivery of the breech are significantly impacted by the deskilllling of midwives or by the actual risks of the procedure itself. Current practice, as supported by the NICE and RCOG Guidelines recommends the counselling of women on their possible options for delivery, emphasizing the risks involved in vaginal and caesarean births (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Many obstetricians and midwives however have only ever experienced vaginal breech deliveries in a simulated environment, often making vaginal breech births riskier options for women (ROCG, 2006). Since practice is now

Organizational Misbehavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Misbehavior - Essay Example Nowadays organizations are clearly conscious that, "organizational ethical behavior will necessitate serious thought, at the board and executive level." (Armbrste 5) Prevalent organizational misbehavior and illegal activity have made the formation of an official ethics strategy an elevated priority for all enterprises, regardless of their size or structure. Many larger organizations have established a position for an Ethics Officer, and smaller organizations turn to consultants that specialize in ethical consultation. Such individuals provide the frontline of defense against moral decay in corporate America. Organisations are made up of individuals: This is because collectively a group can achieve far more than the equivalent number of individuals. Misbehaviour in organizations can be tricky for management to spot and correct, and as an end result, the cost to organizations can be high. ... The current research examines the causes of different types of misbehaviour, and makes suggestions for remedies and managerial practices that can help to reduce its occurrence and impact. The members of an organisation have their zones of comfort and agendas. The organisation has a specific mission; the management task is to ensure that these individual endeavors are aligned towards their organisation's purpose. Therefore an understanding of how individuals fit in to organisations, and the way in which organisations work is fundamental to the ability to manage. "Provided the recent misbehaviors in organizations that are all over the headlines, - - ImClone, Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco." (Aronwitz 13) The misbehaviour debate refuses to lie down or quietly fade into obscurity. It raises fundamental questions about the nature of social reality, the manner in which it is conceptualized and the theoretical means most appropriate in explaining the relationship between its constituent elements. In raising unavoidable, and difficult, questions about the nature of and link between "human activity and its social contexts" (Bacon & Story 2) , the misbehaviour debate forces students and members of organisation alike to confront a set of issues that defines irrevocably the constitution of the subject matter and the analytical and methodological terms. In general, this paper is rather optimistic about the nature of men and the possibilities to organize conforming and dutiful behaviour of employees. This undoubtedly is a reflection of our prosperous times and business successes, which marked the beginning of the new millennium. "Perhaps conforming to a certain political correctness" (Ball & Wilson 5), academics in organization studies, in addition, like to

Comparison and Contrast between schools of thought

Comparison and Contrast between schools of thought As organizations grew and became more complex, there arouse a need for systematic understanding of how to manage the overall process of getting things done through other people. To define management in the words of Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. Management is not as rigid as science nor is it a form of art; it is an inexact science and an applied art. It is a goal oriented process that is pervasive and multi-dimensional. Management has a vast spectrum of theories .management is divided into two major divisions, the classical school of thoughts and the Neo classical school of thoughts. The classical school encompasses Scientific Management of Taylor, Administrative Management of Fayol, and Bureaucratic Organization of Weber. The Neo-Classical Theory includes the Human Relations Movement of Mayo along with Dickson and a few others. And the Behavioral Schools of Maslow, McGregor, and Herzberg etc. The aim of this essay is to bring out the differences and similarities between the theories of the Scientific School of thoughts and the Behavioral school of thoughts. The basis of contrast and comparison will be the worker and the views of these schools of thought on handling and controlling the workforce as well as the workplace and the different ways in which they get things done through people. Fredrick Winslow Taylor, a trained engineer known as the father of scientific management or Taylorism noticed the differences in the labor productivity which were driven by various causes such as talent, skills, intelligence or motive. He believed that there was only one best way of performing any task. Scientific management called for simplification but specialization of work tasks. Taylor held out that even the most basic, mindless task could be planned in such a way that would drastically increase productivity and that scientifically managing the workers was more effective than the initiative and incentive method of motivating workers. He carried out various studies such as the time study, motion study and studied the various movements of the workers and in order to reduce wastage. F.W.Taylor introduced the piece rate system, under which every worker was paid a fixed piece rate for each unit produced. Henri Fayol was French mining engineer and a management theorist who has incalculably contributed to the modern concepts of management. He proposed six primary functions and 14 principles of management; they were highly influential in the classical school of management and are prime examples of the tenets of the classical approach to management. But the primary functions as well as the 14 principles were more task oriented rather than people oriented. Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist, who profoundly influenced social theory, social research, and the discipline of sociology itself. Bureaucracy arose by sub-dividing the functions that the owner-managers originally did themselves such as supervision, personnel selection, accounting and financial management, record keeping, job design, and planning. Elton Mayo was an Australian psychologist, sociologist and organization theorist, the founder of Human Relations Movement and is known for his research including the Hawthorne Studies. The Hawthorne Studies of the 1930s showed the importance of groups in affecting the behavior of individuals at work. This study enabled him to drive at conclusions about how a manager should behave. He carried out numerous experiments on how to increase and improve productivity. He found out that when workers work in informal groups their work satisfaction varied to large extent. The human relations movement deemed that humans are motivated by social needs and work well when they are put in a group or as a team that is socially bound; the primary concern of any organization must be the satisfaction of social needs, only when an individual is socially satisfied will he be able to work effectively hence organizations are regarded as the co-operative social systems in which informal groups have a substant ial effect on productivity. Abraham Maslow a professor of psychology at Brandeis University founded humanistic psychology and created Maslows hierarchy of needs. At the bottom of the pyramid is the Basic needs or Physiological needs, the next level is safety needs. The third level of need is the need of being loved. The fourth level is achieved only when individuals are happy with what they have accomplished and are comfortable with it known as the Esteem level. The top of the pyramid is the need for self actualization. Douglas McGregor was the creator and developer of Theory X and Theory Y that are known as the theories of human motivation. They describe two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation. McGregor felt that companies followed either one of these approaches. He also thought that the key to connecting self-actualization with work is determined by the managerial trust of subordinates. The similarity between scientific school and behavioral school was that they both wanted to increase productivity by increasing the efficiency of the workers. On the course of Taylors pragmatic studies, he came across concepts that were not in common use in those days. One of it was the rest intervals; workers were taught to take rest intervals quite often which as a result increased production ironically. One of the variables Mayo and his colleagues studied after conducting the Hawthorne studies were the impact of rest intervals. These rest intervals increased the productivity of the workers. One of the key principles introduced by Taylor was Co-operation, not Individualism, which emphasized on team work rather than individuals performing tasks all alone. After conducting the Hawthorne studies Mayo concluded that the individuals whom he studied worked better when they were put in a group hence, opted for team work. Behavioral school holds that there must be a fusion between human needs and organizational goals. Every worker must understand that when an organizational goal is achieved it leads to fulfillment of their personal needs. The same idea is reflected in one of the principles conferred by Fayol.The principle subordination of individual needs to general needs explains that efforts must be made to reconcile individual interests with common interests. Thought it explains that employees interest must not prevail over the organization as a whole. Both the school of thoughts concludes that peoples interest is secondary to organizational goals. One of the principles contributed by Henri Fayol is esprit de corps which means team work. The management should never use the policy of divide and rule rather it should use the concept team work which in return increases production and satisfaction of workers. In the 1930s,after conducting the Hawthorne studies, Mayo and his colleagues concluded that people worked in a more effective and efficient manner when put in groups together. Team work promotes co-operation between the workers and as a team together they could work for the accomplishment of organizational goals. The main criticism of scientific approach is that it avoids the human element in production and is devoid of human touch. It treats workers as machines, factors of production rather than human beings. On the contrary behavioral approach was more concerned about human behavior and stated performance itself was not a product of working conditions but a bundle of feelings, attitudes and sentiments. Special attention and opportunity to express their feelings causes them to work in a more effective manner. Scientific management is based on the assumption that humans are rational and are mainly motivated by money. They strongly believed that people were motivated by physical and economic needs and disregarded social needs. On the other hand behavioral school stood at people are motivated only by social needs and not by money. Behavioral school considers one as a manager if he has human skills. It overlooks the other factor that builds the managerial qualification in a person. Whereas, scientific school strongly believes that a manager should have the following qualities. They are physical health, mental ability, moral, general education, special knowledge and experience. Behavioral school opts for social environment in the workplace particularly informal work group, interpersonal and in-group relations between employees and managers influences the workers behavior and performance in a positive way. Scientific management suggested a superior-subordinate relationship i.e. a formal organization Taylors motive was to increase productivity; his perspective was egronomical but not psychological, however being in contrast with Taylor, Mayo did not exterminate the informal organization, instead he tried to create stability amid the official and informal organization. After studying the scientific school and behavioral school of thoughts, the theories contributed by Henri Fayol stands to be my favorite theories and principles. He analyzed managerial jobs in a series of functions which were to be performed by all managers in all organizations. The functions that constitute the managerial functions are: Planning, Organizing, Directing, Staffing and Controlling. In addition to the managerial functions, he introduced 14 general principles of management that helped the managers to effectively manage the work environment. All his principles are universally accepted. All organizations face the problem of making optimum utilization of scarce resources. Therefore, these functions and principles are applicable to all sorts of organizations. Fayol believed that on the job experience method of learning is not adequate. Therefore, he suggested formal management training. Though both the schools of thoughts had two different approaches their aim was to maximize production in a more efficient way. Both the schools undertook very different ways to accomplish their goals. Thus, it can be concluded that an organization can apply the theories that belong to one school or both in order to excel production through increased efficiency. Scientific management and human relations go hand in hand and one is not less superior to the other. dd u do yu online a/c test? http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs455.snc4/49919_1661875195_6869938_q.jpg 6:44pm nope ! we all doin it in uni tomm ! http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:44pm umm..ok http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs455.snc4/49919_1661875195_6869938_q.jpg 6:45pm u ? http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:45pm evn b4 i opned it stated dat d paoer cn b atempted onli once :(:( http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs455.snc4/49919_1661875195_6869938_q.jpg 6:46pm wat ? dummy only u r for takn it serious :p:p so i ws rite :P:P http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:50pm :(:( http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs455.snc4/49919_1661875195_6869938_q.jpg 6:51pm awwwwhhh .. dont be sad :P:P dummy :P:P ur a cute dummy ;);) :D:D hwz dat :P:P ? http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:51pm shaap! dummy only u r for takn it serious :p:p so i ws rite :P:P http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:50pm :(:( http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs455.snc4/49919_1661875195_6869938_q.jpg 6:51pm awwwwhhh .. dont be sad :P:P dummy :P:P ur a cute dummy ;);) :D:D hwz dat :P:P ? http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/hs223.ash2/48905_1196147190_1324038_q.jpg 6:51pm shaap!